{
 "verse_id": "13.25",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "अन्ये त्व् एवम् अजानन्तः श्रुत्वान्येभ्य उपासते | ते ऽपि चातितरन्त्य् एव मृत्युं श्रुति-परायणाः",
  "iast": "anye tv evam ajānantaḥ śrutvānyebhya upāsate | te 'pi cātitaranty eva mṛtyuṃ śruti-parāyaṇāḥ",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 13 (Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña-Vibhāga-Yoga (The Yoga of Distinction Between Field and Field-Knower)), verse 25",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "anye",
   "lemma": "anya",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "सांख्येन योगेन, सांख्यं नाम इमे सत्त्वरजस्तमांसि गुणाः मया दृश्या अहं तेभ्योऽन्यः तद्व्यापारसाक्षिभूतः नित्यः गुणविलक्ष",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara",
      "anandgiri"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "तु कर्मयोगादिषु आत्मावलोकनसाधनेषु अनधिकृताः अन्येभ्यः तत्त्वदर्शिभ्यो ज्ञानिभ्यः श्रुत्वा कर्मयोगादिभिः आत्मानम् उपासते",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "साङ्ख्येन योगेन इत्यत्र कापिलतन्त्रोक्तप्रकृतिपुरुषविवेकज्ञानं साङ्ख्यमिति व्याख्यानमसत्, कापिलतन्त्रस्यावैदिकस्यात्र ग",
     "school": "dvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "jayatirtha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "साङ्ख्येन योगेनाष्टाङ्गेन, कर्मयोगेन चापरे निष्कामेन पश्यन्त्यात्मानम्",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "तु सांख्येन प्रकृतिपुरुषवैलक्षण्यालोचनेन, योगेनाष्टाङ्गेन, अपरे",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "मध्यमाः सांख्येन योगेन निदिध्यासनपूर्वभाविना श्रवणमननरूपेण नित्यानित्यविवेकादिपूर्वकेण इमे गुणत्रयपरिणामा अनात्मानः सर्",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अन्ये"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "tu",
   "lemma": "tu",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "तु"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "evam",
   "lemma": "evam",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "एवम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "a",
   "lemma": "a",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अ"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "jānantaḥ",
   "lemma": "√jñā",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural present participle verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "जानन्तः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "śrutvā",
   "lemma": "śru",
   "grammar": "conv",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "कर्मयोगादिभिः आत्मानम् उपासते, ते",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "ज्ञात्वा ध्यात्वा दृष्टिः",
     "school": "dvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhva"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "श्रुत्वा"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "anyebhyaḥ",
   "lemma": "anya",
   "grammar": "dative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अन्येभ्यः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "upāsate",
   "lemma": "√upās",
   "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person plural verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": ", ते अपि आत्मदर्शनेन मृत्युम् अतितरन्ति ये श्रुतिपरायणाः श्रवणमात्रनिष्ठाः, ते च श्रवणनिष्ठाः पूतपापाः क्रमेण कर्म योगाद",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "उपासते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "te",
   "lemma": "tad",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "ते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "api",
   "lemma": "api",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अपि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "atitaranti",
   "lemma": "ati-√tṝ",
   "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person plural verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अतितरन्ति"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "eva",
   "lemma": "eva",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "एव"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "mṛtyum",
   "lemma": "mṛtyu",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "मृत्युम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "śruti",
   "lemma": "śruti",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "श्रुति"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "parāyaṇāḥ",
   "lemma": "parāyaṇa",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "परायणाः"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
  {
   "verse": "2.29",
   "type": "long-distance thematic echo",
   "score": 0.9242,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8442,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 13.593,
    "stem_prefix": 7.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "2.34",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.9139,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8539,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 13.1922,
    "stem_prefix": 6.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "11.2",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
   "score": 0.9112,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8412,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
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    "lemma_overlap": 12.2734,
    "stem_prefix": 6.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "2.52",
   "type": "long-distance thematic echo",
   "score": 0.9053,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8453,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 10.7593,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "9.30",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8978,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8178,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 14.9058,
    "stem_prefix": 8.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "12.20",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.897,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.837,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 11.7477,
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  },
  {
   "verse": "12.6",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.892,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.812,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 13.1261,
    "stem_prefix": 8.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "12.1",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8914,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8314,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
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    "lemma_overlap": 10.3492,
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 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_13.26",
    "anandgiri_13.25"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Others, not knowing the Self in this way by any one of these alternatives, hear from other teachers (ācārya) the instruction 'contemplate just this,' and with śraddhā (trust) they contemplate; they too cross mṛtyu (death), that is, the saṃsāra (cycle of birth and death) bound up with death. They are śruti-parāyaṇa (holding hearing as the supreme means): taking another's instruction alone as their pramāṇa (means of valid knowledge), lacking viveka (discrimination) of their own. How much more, then, do the discriminating, who judge the pramāṇa (means of valid knowledge) for themselves, cross death.",
   "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara (his 13.26) reads śruti as bare hearing and śruti-parāyaṇa as those who depend wholly on another's word, then argues a fortiori (kim u vaktavyam, 'what need to say') that the self-discriminating cross death all the more. The verse is a rung on a ladder of adhikāra (fitness) whose top is the knowledge of kṣetrajña-īśvara-ekatva (the identity of the field-knower and the Lord), which his closing transition names as the means of mokṣa (liberation).",
   "commentator": "Shankaracharya"
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_13.25",
    "vedantadeshika_13.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Others, unfit (anadhikṛta) for the means of beholding the self such as karma-yoga (the discipline of action), hear from knowers who have seen the truth (tattva-darśin) and worship the self through karma-yoga and the rest. They too, though rooted only in hearing (śravaṇa-mātra-niṣṭhā), are cleansed of sin and, beginning step by step (krameṇa) from karma-yoga, cross death by ātma-darśana (the seeing of the self). The word api ('too') marks a difference of stage (parva-bheda) from those described before.",
   "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja (13.25) does not let hearing itself cross death: hearing purifies and starts a graded sequence that runs through karma-yoga to ātma-darśana (seeing of the self). The object worshipped is the individual ātman (self), not an identity with Brahman, and there is no a fortiori praise of the self-reliant thinker as in Śaṅkara.",
   "commentator": "Ramanujacharya"
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_13.26",
    "jayatirtha_13.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Sāṅkhya here means the knowledge of the svarūpa (own nature) of Bhagavān (the Lord) as the Veda declares it. For those devoted to rites (karmin), vision of Him comes by hearing, knowing and meditating; for hearers (śrāvaka), by knowing and meditating; for the sāṅkhya, by meditating; as the Gaupavana-śruti (a Vedic passage) says, 'otherwise the vision of Him does not arise in any way at all.' The word anye ('others') is used to show that a means exists even for the incapable (aśakta).",
   "divergence_note": "Madhva's comment is a single joint gloss on 13.25-13.26 (his numbering), carried in the source_verse 13.26 slot. Uniquely, he redefines sāṅkhya as Vedic knowledge of Bhagavān and lays out graded sequences (śravaṇa, jñāna, dhyāna) that all end in dṛṣṭi (direct vision) of Hari; on this reading the 'others' who only hear are one class among several, all aiming at that vision rather than at self-identity.",
   "commentator": "Madhvacharya"
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_13.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Others, of very weak fitness (ati-manda-adhikārin), hear from knowers who have seen the truth (tattva-darśin) and worship the self by means such as 'by action alone' (Gītā 3.20). Thereby they too cross mṛtyu (death), which is saṃsāra (worldly becoming), through ātma-darśana (seeing of the self), but only those who are śruti-parāyaṇa (devoted to what is heard). The words api ca mark a difference from the earlier group.",
   "divergence_note": "Thin: Vallabha's gloss (his 13.26) is short and follows Rāmānuja's wording closely (tattva-darśin, ātma-darśana, api marking a distinct class). His own additions are the 'very weak fitness' label and the citation of 3.20; nothing specifically Puṣṭi-mārga appears, so the rendering stays minimal.",
   "commentator": "Vallabhacharya"
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_13.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "He now gives the means of rescue (nistāra-upāya) for those of very weak fitness. Others, not knowing how to realise directly (sākṣāt-kartum) the self marked by being the witness (upadraṣṭṛtva) through sāṅkhya-yoga (the path of discrimination) and the like, hear by instruction from teachers (ācārya) and meditate (dhyāyanti). Devoted with śraddhā (faith) to hearing that instruction, they cross death, which is saṃsāra (worldly becoming), slowly (śanaiḥ) but surely.",
   "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara (13.26) glosses upāsate as dhyāyanti (they meditate) and adds śanaiḥ (slowly): the crossing is real but gradual. He frames the verse as a rescue for the weakest rather than as a step in an argument, and the self they fail to see is defined by the witness-marks (upadraṣṭṛtva) given earlier in the chapter.",
   "commentator": "Sridhara Svami"
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_13.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "He states the means to knowledge for the still duller (mandatara); the word tu ('but') marks their difference from the three kinds of adhikārin (qualified seeker) in the previous verse. Not knowing the Self by any of those ways, they hear from compassionate (kāruṇika) teachers, 'contemplate this thus,' and with śraddhā (faith) they contemplate; though unable to inquire for themselves (svayaṃ vicāra-asamartha), devoted only to hearing the instruction of the guru (teacher), they too cross death, saṃsāra (worldly becoming). The api ('too') implies that those able to inquire for themselves cross death, needless to say.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana (13.26) follows Śaṅkara's structure and his a fortiori argument closely, but adds two marks of his own: the teachers are kāruṇika (compassionate), and the hearers form a fourth tier set against the three adhikārin (qualified seeker) types of the previous verse, so that grace flowing through the guru carries even those who cannot reason for themselves.",
   "commentator": "Madhusudan Sarasvati"
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
 "theme_list_memberships": [
  {
   "list": "श्रुत",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "2.29",
    "2.52",
    "2.53",
    "11.2",
    "13.13"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "audit_trail": {
  "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
  "fitted_weights": {
   "a": 1.0,
   "b": 0.01,
   "e_v": 0.005,
   "z": 0.2,
   "h": 0.0,
   "th": 0.01
  },
  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "jānantaḥ: jñā -> √jñā",
     "upāsate: upās -> √upās",
     "atitaranti: atitṝ -> ati-√tṝ"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:14.894966Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 6,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   },
   {
    "kind": "ch13_commentary_realignment",
    "applied_at": "2026-10-23T02:22:33.232449+00:00",
    "applied_by": "sutrakrit-gita/scripts/merge_ch13_realigned.py",
    "root_cause": "Chapter 13 commentaries count 35 verses (13.1 = Arjuna's question) but the edition counts 34; payloads paired mūla 13.N with each commentary's 13.N, i.e. the previous verse's bhāṣya for most schools.",
    "source_verses": {
     "advaita": "13.26",
     "viśiṣṭādvaita": "13.25",
     "dvaita": "13.26",
     "śuddhādvaita": "13.26",
     "bhakti": "13.26",
     "advaita-bhakti": "13.26"
    }
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "If I cannot work something out for myself, is it still real progress to act faithfully on what a trusted teacher told me?",
  "Is relying on a mentor's word a lesser path, or simply a different starting point that leads to the same place?",
  "How do I tell the difference between healthy trust in an expert and lazy outsourcing of my own judgment?",
  "Does it matter whether hearing the right thing changes me at once, or only slowly over years?",
  "What do I owe to the people who explained things to me when I could not see them myself?",
  "When I teach people who will never check my reasoning, how much responsibility am I carrying for them?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "A junior analyst who cannot yet judge a valuation model can still follow the senior partner's method faithfully, and that discipline really does keep her out of trouble. But the verse sets a ladder: the aim is to become someone who can test the method herself, because the one who sees for herself is freed all the more. Use borrowed judgment as a raft, not a home.",
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": "A new nurse who only knows the protocol from lectures is not yet competent, but the protocol cleans up her worst habits and starts her on supervised practice, then real practice, then real skill. Hearing is the first stage of a sequence, not the finish line. Expect each stage to prepare the next rather than to deliver the whole.",
  "dvaita": "A founder learns a market in different orders: one by doing deals and then studying, one by studying and then reflecting, one by reflecting alone. Each sequence counts only if it ends in actually seeing the customer clearly for yourself. No route skips that moment of direct sight, and there is a route even for the person who feels least capable.",
  "śuddhādvaita": "A parent who has no theory of child development can still learn from people who have watched many children grow, and act on that advice. That is a recognised and separate way forward, open to the least confident, as long as the advice is held to steadily. It is not the same as the expert's way, and it does not need to be.",
  "bhakti": "Someone recovering from burnout who cannot think their way to calm can sit each day with what a good teacher told them and practise it. The change will be slow, but slow is still crossing. Patience with a gradual cure is part of the cure.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "A struggling student who cannot follow the proofs on her own can still trust a teacher who explains with real care, and get through. The teacher's kindness does the work her own reasoning cannot yet do. If you are that teacher, the compassion in your explanation is part of what carries the student."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "Those who cannot grasp the self through their own practice simply listen to those who can, and even they, devoted to what they hear, cross beyond death."
}